Chemical experiments for preschoolers. Card index “Chemical experiments for children. How to get water for drinking

The Ghostbusters remake is coming out very soon, and this is a great excuse to rewatch the old film and study non-Newtonian fluids. One of the film's heroes, the silly ghost Lizun, is a good image for visualization. This is a character who loves to eat, and he can also penetrate walls.

We will need:

• potato,
• tonic.

What we do

Cut the potatoes very finely (you can chop them in a food processor) and add hot water. After 10-15 minutes, drain the water through a sieve into a clean bowl and set aside. A sediment will appear at the bottom - starch. Drain the water; the starch will remain in the bowl. In principle, you will already have a non-Newtonian fluid. You can play with it and watch how it hardens under your hands and becomes liquid on its own. You can also add food coloring for bright color.

Trevor Cox/Flickr.com

Now let's add a little magic.

The starch needs to be dried (leaved for a couple of days). And then add tonic to it and make a kind of dough that is easy to pick up. It will retain its consistency in your palms, but if you stop and stop kneading it, it will begin to spread.

If you turn on the ultraviolet lamp, you and your child will see the dough begin to glow. This is due to the quinine found in tonic water. It looks magical: a glowing substance that behaves as if it violates all the laws of physics.

2. Get superpowers

Comic book heroes are especially popular now, so your child will love feeling like the powerful Magneto, who can control metals.

We will need:

• printer toner,
• magnet,
• vegetable oil.

What we do

From the very beginning, be prepared for the fact that after this experiment you will need a lot of napkins or rags - it will be quite dirty.

Pour about 50 ml of laser printer toner into a small container. Add two tablespoons of vegetable oil and mix very well. Done - you have in your hands a liquid that will react to a magnet.

Jerald San Hose/Flickr.com

You can attach a magnet to the container and watch how the liquid literally sticks to the wall, forming a funny “hedgehog”. It will be even more interesting if you find a board on which you don’t mind pouring a little black mixture, and invite your child to use a magnet to control the drop of toner.

3. Turn milk into a cow

Invite your child to turn liquid into solid without resorting to freezing. This is a very simple and impressive experience, although you will have to wait a couple of days to get the results. But what an effect!

We will need:

• cup ,
• vinegar.

What we do

Heat a glass of milk in the microwave or on the stove. We don't boil. Then you need to add a tablespoon of vinegar to it. Now let's start stirring things up. Actively move the spoon in the glass to see white clots appear. This is casein, a protein found in milk.

When there are a lot of clots, drain the mixture through a sieve. Whatever remains in the colander needs to be shaken, then placed on a paper towel and dried a little. Then start kneading the material with your hands. It will look like dough or clay. At this stage, you can add food coloring or glitter to make the white mass brighter and more interesting for your baby.

Invite your child to make something from this material - a figurine of an animal (for example, a cow) or some other object. But you can simply put the mass in a plastic form. Leave to dry for a day or two.

When the mass dries, you will have a figurine made of very hard hypoallergenic material. This type of “homemade plastic” was used until the 1930s. Casein was used to make jewelry, accessories, and buttons.

4. Control snakes

Getting vinegar and baking soda to react is just about the most boring experience imaginable. “Volcanoes” and “fizzy drinks” will not be of interest to modern children. But you can invite your child to become a “snake lord” and show how acid and alkali actually react.

We will need:

• pack of gummy worms,
• soda,
• vinegar.

What we do

Take two large transparent glasses. Pour water into one and add soda. Mix. Open the package of gummy worms. It’s better to cut each of them lengthwise and make them thinner. Then the experience will be more spectacular.

Thin worms should be placed in a mixture of water and soda and mixed. Set aside for 5 minutes.

Pour vinegar into another glass. Now we add to this vessel the worms that were in the glass with soda. Because of the soda, bubbles will be visible on their surface. This means there is a reaction. The more worms you add to the glass, the more gas will be released. And after some time, the bubbles will lift the worms to the surface. Add more soda - the reaction will be more active and the worms themselves will begin to crawl out of the glass. Cool!

5. Make a hologram like in Star Wars

Of course, it is difficult to create a real hologram at home. But its likeness is quite real and not even very difficult. You will learn to use the properties of light and turn 2D pictures into three-dimensional images.

We will need:

• smartphone,
• CD box,
• stationery knife,
• scotch,
• paper,
• pencil.

What we do

You need to draw a trapezoid on paper. The drawing can be seen in the photo: the length of the lower side of the trapezoid is 6 cm, the upper side is 1 cm.

BoredPanda.com

Carefully cut out a trapezoid from paper and take out the CD box. We need the transparent part of it. Attach the pattern to the plastic and use a utility knife to cut a trapezoid out of the plastic. Repeat three more times - we will need four identical transparent elements.

Now they need to be glued together with tape so that it looks like a funnel or a truncated pyramid.

Take your smartphone and run one of the such videos. Place the plastic pyramid with the narrow part down in the center of the screen. Inside you will see a “hologram”.

Giphy.com

You can start a video with characters from Star Wars and, for example, recreate the famous recording of Princess Leia or admire his own miniature BB-8.

6. Get away with it

Every child can build a sand castle on the seashore. How about we line it up under water? Along the way, you can learn the concept of “hydrophobic.”

We will need:

• colored sand for aquariums (you can also take regular sand, but it needs to be washed and dried),
• hydrophobic shoe spray.

What we do

Carefully pour the sand onto a large plate or baking sheet. We apply a hydrophobic spray to it. We do this very carefully: spray, mix, repeat several times. The task is simple - make sure that every grain of sand is enveloped in a protective layer.

University of Exeter/Flickr.com

When the sand dries, collect it in a bottle or bag. Take a large container for water (for example, a wide-mouthed jar or an aquarium). Show your child how hydrophobic sand “works”. If you pour it in a thin stream into water, it will sink to the bottom but remain dry. This is easy to check: let the baby take some sand from the bottom of the container. As soon as the sand rises from the water, it will crumble in the palm of your hand.

7. Keep information secret better than James Bond

Writing secret messages with lemon juice is a thing of the past. There is another way to make invisible ink, which also allows you to learn a little more about the reaction of iodine and starch.

We will need:

• paper,
• brush.

What we do

First, cook the rice. The porridge can be eaten later, but we need a decoction - it contains a lot of starch. Dip your brush into it and write a secret message on the paper, such as “I know who ate all the cookies yesterday.” Wait for the paper to dry. Starchy letters will be invisible. To decipher the message, you need to moisten another brush or cotton swab in a solution of iodine and water and run it over what is written. Due to the chemical reaction, blue letters will begin to appear on the paper. Voila!

The child is growing, and if earlier we were primarily concerned with how to develop fine motor skills and speech, then after 4 years completely different priorities appear - now we are in a hurry to present the child with information about the world around him, about the physical properties of things, phenomena and processes. Yes, of course, teaching a child is no less important at this age, but this is the topic of separate articles. Here, let's figure out how to find answers to all those endless “Why?” that are increasingly coming from the lips of a young observer

Undoubtedly, one of the best ways to introduce a child to the physical properties of things is through experiments. Only if we are now talking about simple experiments that are understandable to a preschooler, and not about those “tricks” in which everything hisses and smokes, and the child sits with round eyes from misunderstanding. No matter how beautifully the foam from mixing yeast and hydroperite spreads across the table, it is unlikely that a preschooler will be able to explain the physics of this phenomenon. Therefore, it is best to start with experiments that demonstrate to the child the phenomena and processes that he encounters in everyday life. And from those experiments, the results of which you can literally explain to your child “on your fingers.”

The simplest and most common substance that needs to be studied first is water. Here we go! Here are simple experiments with water for children at home.

1. Let's explore the properties of water. Taste

Water is known to have a number of unique properties that a child will be interested in learning about. Of course, in everyday life, a baby often interacts with water and therefore he himself has long intuitively understood that it has neither shape nor taste. However, such experiments are still needed in order to focus the child’s attention on these properties and show that water is a unique substance.

For the experiment, prepare three glasses of drinking water in advance. Add sugar to one glass, lemon juice to another, and do not add anything to the third. Let your child taste the water from each glass without telling them what is in them. Ask your child to guess which of these glasses contains only water, and what is added to the other glasses.

Conclusion of the experiment. Water itself has no taste. But at the same time it easily mixes with other substances and thanks to them acquires a flavor color.

2. Let's explore the properties of water. Form

The next property of water is the absence of form. It is easy to see this property if you pour water into different vessels or pour it onto a tray.

Ask your child to pour some water onto the tray and sketch the puddle that forms. Then wipe away this puddle with a sponge and pour water back onto the tray. Together with your child, compare the drawing of the first puddle with what happened this time. Please pay attention to the child that the shape of the puddles is not the same, which means that the water does not have a constant shape.

Conclusion of the experiment. Water has no shape

3. Let's explore the properties of water. Transparency

Pour water into one glass and milk into the other, put two spoons (or chopsticks, like ours) into the glasses and ask the child to explain why the spoon is visible in one glass and not in the other.

Now all that remains is to hear from the child the main conclusion of the experiment - the water is clear. Let him try to formulate this property himself, don’t tell him

4. We explore different states of water. We melt snow and ice

The purpose of this experiment is to make sure that snow and ice are the same water, only in a different state. It would seem that all this is simple and understandable, but it is quite possible that for a child it is not so obvious.

Prepare three glasses in advance - with water, snow and ice. If it’s summer outside, you’ll have to limit yourself to only ice from the freezer.

First, ask your child what he thinks will be in the cups if you leave them in the room all day. Well, then test his arguments together by putting the glasses in the microwave.

Conclusion of the experiment. Water can not only be in a liquid state. Snow and ice are solid states of water.

We record the progress of all experiments and their results in our “scientific notebook”. In my opinion, this contributes to better assimilation of information. Tasya likes it too - she happily sketches out what exactly we did.

5. We study the solid states of water. We carry “water in a sieve”

In this experiment, we will draw the child’s attention to the fact that water behaves differently in different states. Ask the young explorer if it is possible to carry away the water in a sieve. And although the child will most likely answer correctly, visually check this together - take a sieve or colander and pour water into it.

And then try to do the same with snow and ice. The child will see with his own eyes that they will remain in the sieve, and at the same time he will understand that it is possible to carry water in the sieve! Only if it is in one of its solid states.

Ask your child to state in his own words why snow and ice remain in the sieve. The baby will learn to express his thoughts and better understand the experiment itself. And you will be very interested to hear his opinion

Conclusion. In its solid state, water retains its shape and does not spread.

Of course, the child has already seen steam many times and knows what it is. But try to ask him what steam consists of and it’s quite possible that he won’t answer you right away. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is precisely to make sure that steam consists of water. Well, get acquainted with the third state of water - gaseous.

Prepare a small pocket mirror. Pour boiling water into a mug. Consider the steam emanating from the water, explain where it came from. Then hold the mirror over the mug. It is better if an adult does this, as the child will most likely be hot.

In just a few seconds you will see that droplets of water have appeared on the mirror. Let the child touch the mirror and make sure it is wet. This happened due to the cooling of the steam. Conclusion of experience obvious: steam is also water, only in the form of a gas . Well, or, to put it in simple words, steam consists of water.

After the child is convinced that heated water can turn into steam, it’s time to conduct a long-term experiment with water evaporation. Well, it’s not that it’s very long, but it will take several days. You must have done such an experiment yourself in childhood.

So, the child pours water into a transparent glass and marks on the glass with a marker the level to which the glass is filled. After 3-4 days, it will be clearly visible that the water in the glass has noticeably decreased.

Conclusion. Water continuously evaporates from its surface at positive air temperatures (a younger child can be told that water evaporates in heat)

For older children, you can prepare not one, but two glasses with the same amount of water. Place one of them in a sunny window, and the other in the shade. This way, you can clearly show your child that at a higher temperature, water evaporates faster.

Or you can pour the same amount of water into two different containers - a glass and a saucer. And thereby make sure that evaporation will occur faster where the water has a larger surface area.

8. Checking how air and water interact

Let's now check how water interacts with other substances. Invite your child to “mix” air with water. How to do it? It’s simple – to do this you will need to “blow” air into a glass of water through a straw. Any child would be happy to do this.

But our task is not only to create a storm in a glass, but also to draw the child’s attention to what happens next with the air that gets into the water. What does air look like in water? (These are bubbles) Does the air stay at the bottom of the glass or rise to the top? Why?

Conclusion. Air rises because it is lighter than water.

9. Checking how oil and water interact

Let's now check how oil and water interact. Do they mix? And which one is easier?

After adding a little oil to the water, close the vessel with a lid and shake well. But no matter how hard we try, the oil still won’t mix with the water and will end up on top

and will spread beautifully on the surface of the colored water.

Ask your child why this happened.

Conclusion it’s easy for him to ask himself - oil is lighter than water .

10. Experiment with water for children “Drowning - not drowning”

Walk through the house in advance and prepare small objects that differ in shape and density. For example, for this study you can take toothpicks, a feather, a piece of cotton wool, a bolt, a button, a coin, decorative stones, an empty bottle, a cube, etc. Observe how each object will behave if it is thrown into a bowl of water - will it sink or not?

Before throwing something into the water, ask your child whether the item will sink. It is, of course, too early to explain to a small child the physics of the process and what density is. However, by experimenting with different objects, the child will learn to intuitively determine which one will float on the water. Operate with such concepts as heavy, light, empty, dense, etc.

11. Mix different colors

This experience is not entirely about water and its properties, it is rather about the color palette and mixing colors. But how not to include it in this collection? My daughter fell in love with him, and then repeated it several times on her own. Of course, beloved flasks and pipette became one of the important factors in the success of this experiment. But the experiment can be repeated using ordinary glasses.

Explain to your child that there are three primary colors - red, yellow, blue - from which you can get any color you want. And get started

First, use gouache to color the water in glasses/flasks, and then, by mixing them with each other, get new colors. First of all, try standard color mixes:

And then, if there is interest, you can experiment with obtaining more exotic flowers.

12. Check how different materials allow water to pass through

Imagine with your child that you are caught in the rain and don’t have an umbrella with you. But the bag contains a lot of different things: a notebook, paper napkins, a plastic bag, a handkerchief, a sheet of cardboard. Which of these could be used to protect yourself from the rain? Prepare relevant materials in advance to test your hypotheses. You will need:

• plastic bag,
• piece of fabric
• paper,
• sheet of cardboard,

paper napkin.

Slowly pouring water from a pipette onto all these materials, the child will understand that the fabric gets wet quickly, cellophane holds water well, and there is no hope at all for a paper napkin.

If your child is willing, be sure to display your results in your science notebook by writing down or sketching the experiment.

Since we have become familiar with the phenomenon of absorption of liquid by solids, now it is simply necessary to do another very beautiful experiment on this topic! During the experiment, the child will see that water can not only be absorbed into various materials, but also move through them!

A simple version of the experiment. Prepare two glasses, pour water into one of them. Roll a strip out of a paper towel (you can also make it out of paper napkins, but then the strip will hold its shape less well) and place its two ends into different glasses. In less than an hour, you will see that the water from one glass has “moved” to the second, and for this it only needed an ordinary napkin!

The experiment will be even more effective if you add dyes to the water. Then you can not only watch how the dyed water is gradually absorbed into the napkin, but also track how the colors gradually mix.

Taisiya and I tried to implement this experiment with different dyes and have to admit that it does not work successfully with all of them. If you paint water with gouache, nothing will come of it. The paint will not rise on the napkin. But if you use liquid watercolors or food coloring to color the water, then success is guaranteed!

You can make a whole chain of glasses, like ours, it will turn out very beautiful.

Conclusion of the experiment. Water has the ability to be absorbed into solids and move through them.

Well, in conclusion, another spectacular experiment. You can make it with either Chinese cabbage leaves or white flowers, such as tulips or roses.

It's simple. If flowers or cabbage are placed in colored water, then very soon they will turn the same color that we used to color the water. Within an hour the first results will be visible. And after two, the color will become even more saturated.

Very important note! Cabbage will not be colored if you add gouache, watercolor, and even that dry dye in tablets that is used to color eggs for Easter to the glass for color! Only confectionery food colorings are suitable, preferably liquid ones. We tried all this, and the experiment worked only with natural liquid dyes, like like these.

Very interesting results can be obtained if you cut the base of a cabbage leaf into two parts and immerse it in water of different colors. Then you will see how the dyes will “fight” for their territory on the sheet

Conclusion experiment. Water nourishes the flower, penetrating through capillaries into all parts of the plant and transferring to it all the qualities of a liquid.

That's all, thanks for your attention! You can find even more interesting games for preschoolers. To avoid missing out on our new articles, join us on Instagram, In contact with, FaceBook!

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Today there are a huge number of educational games for children. But conducting various experiments in a homely atmosphere will leave a lasting impression on the younger generation. With a minimal set of objects, it is possible to perform many experiments, which in the child’s mind will be perceived as a focus.

Experiments for children “Invisible ink”

To create this magical experience for children, you will need the following components:

• Lemon juice – 1 teaspoon;
• Drinking water – 0.5 tablespoon;
• Cup;
• Double-sided cotton swab;
• Blank sheet of paper.

The steps to send a secret message should be carried out in the following order:

1. Squeezed lemon juice and water are poured into a glass. Everything is thoroughly mixed.
2. One side of the cotton swab should be used as a writing instrument. It is dipped in a lemon solution of water and the required text is applied to a clean sheet of paper.
3. After the secret information has completely dried, the piece of paper with the message must be heated. For the experiment you will need a table lamp turned on.
4. Under the influence of a lighting device, encrypted letters will begin to appear; such an experience at home for your child will be an amazing knowledge of chemical laws.

Experiments for children “Inflating a balloon with lemon”

The necessary items for conducting such an experiment will be:

• Glass empty bottle;
• Balloon;
• Scotch;
• Clean glass;
• Baking soda – 1 dessert spoon;
• 1 glass of clean water;
• Food vinegar – 3 large spoons;
• Juice of 1 lemon;
• Funnel.

Such a test is carried out in several stages:

1. Prepared soda is added to a bottle of water.
2. Vinegar and lemon juice are mixed in a glass. Then, using a funnel, the sour mixture is poured into a bottle with soda and water.
3. Quickly place the ball on the neck of the bottle. And immediately wrap tape around its edges. This is necessary to ensure that air does not escape outside.
4. The ingredients placed in the bottle create the necessary chemical reaction. Their end result is the release of carbon dioxide, which, with its properties, creates pressure inside this structure.
5. It is this force that inflates the balloon.

Experiments for children “Space rocket launch”

For this experiment and to create a natural release of the aircraft, you will need the following items:

• Colored paper;
• Bottle with pressed cork;
• PVA glue;
• Scissors;
• Drinking water – 0.5 cups;
• Funnel;
• Juice squeezed from one lemon;
• Baking soda – 0.5 teaspoon;
• Toilet paper, small size;
• Threads.

The rocket model is launched in a strict sequence of actions:

1. The plug will serve as the body of the spacecraft. It should not close the neck of the bottle too tightly. Glass containers are a kind of platform for starting.
2. Using scissors and colorful paper, you need to form the wings for the rocket. Secure with glue. The result should be a mock-up of a flying machine that easily fits into the neck of the bottle.
3. Using a funnel, pour water and lemon juice into a glass container. Then the resulting mixture is mixed and waits for its finest hour.
4. Pour baking soda into a piece of toilet paper and wrap it with thread. The ball should be of such a size that it can fall into the prepared bottle without much effort.
5. The location for launching the spacecraft must be thought out in advance. Since its rapid flight can destroy the chandelier on the ceiling.
6. Next, place the lump of soda powder into the bottle with the solution. And put a model of a rocket on the neck. But at the same time, the entry of the aircraft into the launch turbine should not be too tight.
7. After a few seconds of anticipation, you can almost see a real space launch, a great experience for children.

Experiments for children “Commanding toothpicks”

When conducting this experiment, a child may well feel like a wizard. In order for this miracle to happen, you need to arm yourself with such items as:

• Toothpicks;
• Shallow cup of water;
• Rafinated sugar;
• Dishwashing liquid.

Using a minimal set and a few steps, you can conduct an experiment:

1. Place toothpicks on the water in the shape of sun rays.
2. Then slowly lower a piece of refined sugar into the water into the resulting center.
3. This action can pull the toothpicks towards the center of the bowl and the sugar cube.
4. And if the sugar is removed from the container and a small drop of detergent is applied to this place, the rays will begin to move away to the edges of the cup.
5. The trick of these actions is that sugar, with its properties, sucks in air, thereby attracting nearby objects. On the contrary, soap solution is repulsive.

Experience for children “Floating Egg”

In order to make an egg float, you will need the following components:

• Raw chicken egg;
• Container with clean drinking water;
• Salt – 1 pack.

First, let's try dipping an egg into raw water. It just sank. Now take it back out and add salt to the water. That is, we create a strong saline solution. The next step is to try to make the egg float in salt water. And it really is on the water surface and does not sink. This happens due to the fact that salt creates an increased density of water, which is how this experiment for children turns out.

Experiments for children “Ice fishing”

The catch in this experiment for children will be a small ice cube. It will be caught from a glass of water, but your hands will remain dry. The list of required materials is described below:

• A glass of clean water;
• Frozen ice cube;
• A few granules of salt;
• A thread no more than one meter long.

When conducting this experiment, you must carefully monitor everything that happens so as not to miss important details. The order of performing the necessary operations is as follows:

1. A small piece of ice is dropped into a prepared glass of water.
2. The thread is placed with one end on the edge of the glass and the other on the ice cube.
3. Salt granules are sprinkled onto the ice where the thread is located. And the time is ticking. The waiting time is 5-10 minutes.
4. After the time has elapsed, by gently moving the edge of the thread, you can take out an ice cube. It will be attached to the thread.
5. This happens due to the salt, which melts the ice. And then clean water only freezes the thread to the ice piece.

Experiments for children “Cold water boils”

In order to see boiling bubbles in cold water, experiment participants will need the following components:

• A glass filled to the top with cold water;
• Pharmaceutical gum;
• Handkerchief.

All experimental techniques must be performed in a sink and in the appropriate order:

1. The handkerchief is generously moistened with water and wrung out.
2. Place a handkerchief on a glass of water and secure it with an elastic band. Moreover, the core of the scarf should touch the water surface.
3. Turn the prepared glass upside down and hold it in one hand. With the other hand, apply gentle blows to the bottom of the glass. From these actions, the water begins to “boil”, that is, to boil.
4. This occurs because the fabric of the scarf does not allow water to pass through from the glass. And upon impact, vacuum air is formed, which enters the water, your child will be delighted.

Experience “Creating a musical instrument”

When creating a musical flute for children at home from scrap materials, you will need the following items:

• Plastic straw;
• Scissors.

The future tool needs to be slightly flattened on one side and its side edges cut off. At equal distances from each other, three holes are cut on the surface of the straw. You just need to lightly blow air into it and close the holes one by one. The flute is ready to perform musical works, an excellent experience for developing hearing, imagination and logical modeling.

Experiment "Bird in a Cage"

To complete this experiment, you need to prepare the following materials:

• Scissors;
• White cardboard;
• Needle and thread;
• Compass;
• Colour pencils.

Following all stages of this experience will lead to an unforgettable experience of creating a cartoon. To construct it you need:

1. Using a compass, draw a regular circle on the cardboard and cut it out.
2. Poke a pair of holes with a needle on the sides of the circle and pull the threads through them. The length of the threads on both sides should be about half a meter.
3. On the outside of the cardboard you need to draw an empty cell. And on the other there is a small bird that could fit into this cage.
4. Then, taking the threads from both sides, you need to twist them with rotating movements.
5. When the twisted ends are stretched, they will unwind. And at this moment the child will be able to see the bird that is in the cage.

Experiments for children “Turning a square into a circle”

The focus of this test is the visual effect. To carry it out, the following materials are needed:

• Cardboard;
• Ruler;
• Felt pen;
• Pencil.

When performing the transformation trick, you need to cut out a square of the correct shape from cardboard. Then, using a ruler, find the middle of one side. Attach one end of the measuring device to it, and bring its other end to the corner of the nearest side. Along the resulting line, using a felt-tip pen, you need to apply about 30 dots.

Find the middle of a cardboard square and pierce it with the sharp tip of a pencil. The cardstock should rotate on the pencil without much effort. When you rotate the square, you can see the resulting circle. Although these are just dots on the cardboard, they simply move in a circle and create a circle effect.

Experience "Mighty Power of Breathing"

Any child considers himself strong and brave. And in order for his confidence in this to be strengthened, it is necessary to conduct a similar experiment. To complete it you will need:

• Hangers for clothes;
• Thick thread;
• Book;
• Clothesline.

The implementation of all stages of the experience will lead to excellent mastery results. The implementation of these activities consists of:

1. At a pre-selected place, you need to pull the clothesline.
2. Using threads, a book is tied to a hanger. It should not be in close contact with the hanger, that is, there must be free space between them.
3. The coat hanger hook needs to be hung on the clothesline. The design for the experiment is ready.
4. While at a short distance from the device, you need to blow on it with all your available strength. The result of these actions will be only a slight rocking of the book mechanism.
5. And if you change your breathing tactics from the same distance, the result will not be long in coming. With a slight increase in air exhalation, the design will begin to deviate. And then you can also slowly blow on the device. That is, the effect of power consists in the lightness and consistency of the blow.

Experiments for children “Record weight”

The materials needed to conduct the experiment for children are used:

• Small tin jars - 2 pieces;
• Paper;
• Glass jar, about 1 liter capacity.

The experiment consists of the following stages:

1. Cans made of tin material are placed opposite each other, at an approximate distance of about 30 centimeters.
2. A prepared sheet of paper is placed on top of them. It creates the appearance of a bridge.
3. You must place the jar on this laid paper bridge with careful movements. The result of such actions will be the fall of the glass container.
4. If you fold a sheet of paper into a typical accordion shape and place it between two tins, you will also get a bridge. But only with enhanced action. Because if you place a can on this structure, it will not fall, since the bridge does not even bend.

Whichever of these experiments is carried out among children, they will definitely remember its effect for many years to come.

Video “Experiments for children at home”

A small child is not only a perpetual motion machine and a jumper, but also a brilliant inventor and an endless why. Although children's curiosity gives parents a lot of worries, it is in itself very useful - after all, it is the key to the development of the baby. Learning something new is useful not only in the form of lessons, but also in the form of games or experiments. That's what we'll talk about today. Simple physical and chemical experiments do not require special knowledge, special training or expensive materials. They can be held in the kitchen to surprise, entertain the child, open up the whole world to him or simply lift his spirits. The child can prepare and perform almost any experiment independently in your presence. However, in some of the experiments, it is better to make mom or dad the main character.

Explosion of color in milk

What could be more surprising than the transformation of a familiar thing into an unusual one, when white milk, familiar to everyone, becomes multi-colored?

You will need: whole milk (required!), food coloring of different colors, any liquid detergent, cotton swabs, a plate.
Work plan:

1. Pour milk into a plate.
2. Add a few drops of each dye to it. Try to do this carefully so as not to move the plate itself.
3. Take a cotton swab, dip it in the product and touch it to the very center of the plate of milk.
4. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix. A real explosion of color in a plate!

Explanation of experiment: Milk consists of different types of molecules: fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. When detergent is added to milk, several processes occur simultaneously. First, the detergent reduces surface tension, allowing food coloring to move freely across the entire surface of the milk. But the most important thing is that the detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for this experiment.

Growing crystals

Everyone knows this experience from childhood - obtaining crystals from salt water. You can, of course, do this with a solution of copper sulfate, but a children's option is simple table salt.


The essence of the experiment is simple - we lower a colored thread into a salty solution (18 tablespoons of salt per half liter of water) and wait for crystals to grow on it. It will be very interesting. Especially if you take woolen thread or replace it with intricate bristle wire.

Potato becomes a submarine

Has your child already learned to peel and cut potatoes? Will you no longer surprise him with this gray-brown tuber? Of course you will surprise! You need to turn a potato into a submarine!
For this we need one potato tuber, a liter jar and table salt. Pour half a can of water and lower the potatoes. She will drown. Add saturated salt solution to the jar. The potatoes will float. If you want it to be immersed in water again, just add water to the jar. Why not a submarine?
Solution: Potatoes are drowning because... it is heavier than water. Compared to a salt solution, it is lighter, which is why it floats to the surface.

Lemon battery

It’s good to do this experiment with dad so that he can explain in more detail where the electricity in a lemon comes from?

We will need:

• Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
• Two pieces of insulated copper wire approximately 0.2-0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
• Steel paper clip.
• A light bulb from a flashlight.

Conducting the experiment: First of all, we strip the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2-3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon and screw the end of one of the wires to it. We stick the end of the second wire into the lemon 1-1.5 cm from the paperclip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach them to the contacts of the light bulb.
What happened? The light came on!

A glass of laughter

Do you urgently need to finish cooking the soup, but your child is hanging on his feet and dragging him to the nursery? This experience will keep him distracted for a few minutes!
We only need a glass with thin, even walls, filled to the top with water.
Conducting the experiment: take the glass in your hand and bring it to your eyes. Look through it at the fingers of the other hand. What happened?
In the glass you will see very long and thin fingers without a brush. Turn your fingers upward, and they will turn into funny short people. Move the glass away from your eyes, and the whole hand will appear in the glass, but small and to the side, as if you had moved your hand.
Look at each other through a glass with your child - and there is no need to go to the laughter room.

Water flows up the napkin

This is a very beautiful experience ideal for girls. We need to take a napkin, cut out a strip, and draw lines of different colors with dots. Then we lower the napkin into a glass with a small amount of water and watch in admiration as the water rises and the dotted lines turn into solid ones.

Miracle rocket from a tea bag

This elementary focus experience is simply a “bomb” for any child. If you are already tired of looking for brilliant entertainment for children, this is what you need!


Carefully open a regular tea bag, place it upright and set it on fire. The bag will burn to the end, fly high into the air and circle above you. This simple experiment usually causes a storm of delight among both adults and children. And the reason for this phenomenon is the same that makes sparks fly off from a fire. During combustion, a flow of warm air is created, which pushes the ash upward. If you set fire to and extinguish the bag gradually, there will be no flight. By the way, the bag will not always take off if the air temperature in the room is high enough.

Live fish

Another simple experience that can pleasantly surprise not only children, but also friends.
Cut out a fish from thick paper. In the middle of the fish there is a round hole A, which is connected to the tail by a narrow channel AB.

Pour water into a basin and place the fish on the water so that the bottom side is completely wet and the top side remains completely dry. It’s convenient to do this with a fork: placing the fish on the fork, carefully lower it into the water, push the fork deeper and pull it out.
Now you need to drop a large drop of oil into hole A. It is best to use a bicycle or sewing machine oil can for this. If you don’t have an oil can, you can put machine or vegetable oil into a pipette or cocktail tube: lower one end of the tube into the oil 2-3 mm. Then cover the upper end with your finger and transfer the straw to the fish. Keeping the bottom end exactly above the hole, release your finger. The oil will flow directly into the hole.
Trying to spread over the surface of the water, the oil will flow through channel AB. The fish will not allow it to spread in other directions. What do you think the fish will do under the influence of the oil flowing back? It’s clear: she will swim forward!

Water spell trick

Every child believes that his mother is a sorceress! And in order to prolong this fairy tale longer, you sometimes need to reinforce your magical nature with real “magics”.
Take a jar with a tight-fitting lid. Paint the inside of the lid with red watercolor paint. Pour water into the jar and screw the lid on. During the demonstration, do not turn the jar towards small spectators so that the inside of the lid is visible. Say the spell loudly: “Just like in the fairy tale, make the water red.” With these words, shake the jar of water. The water will wash away the watercolor layer of paint and turn red.

Density Tower

This experiment is suitable for older children or attentive, diligent children.
In this experiment, objects will hang in the thickness of the liquid.
We will need:

• a tall, narrow glass container, such as an empty, clean half-liter jar of olives or mushrooms
• 1/4 cup (65 ml) corn syrup or honey
• food coloring of any color
• 1/4 cup tap water
• 1/4 cup vegetable oil
• 1/4 cup rubbing alcohol
• various small objects, for example, a cork, a grape, a nut, a piece of dry pasta, a rubber ball, a cherry tomato, a small plastic toy, a metal screw

Preparation:

• Carefully pour honey into the vessel so that it takes up 1/4 of the volume.
• Dissolve a few drops of food coloring in water. Fill the vessel halfway with water. Please note: when adding each liquid, pour it very carefully so that it does not mix with the bottom layer.
• Slowly pour the same amount of vegetable oil into the vessel.
• Fill the vessel to the top with alcohol.

Let's begin the scientific magic:

• Announce to the audience that you are now going to make different objects float. They may tell you that it is easy. Then explain to them that you will make different objects float in liquids at different levels.
• Carefully place small items into the container one at a time.
• Let the audience see for themselves what happened.

Result: different objects will float in the liquid at different levels. Some will “hang” right in the middle of the vessel.
Explanation: This trick is based on the ability of various substances to sink or float depending on their density. Substances with lower densities float on the surface of denser substances.
The alcohol remains on the surface of the vegetable oil because the density of alcohol is less than the density of oil. Vegetable oil remains on the surface of the water because the density of oil is less than the density of water. In turn, water is a substance less dense than honey or corn syrup, so it remains on the surface of these liquids. When you put objects into a vessel, they float or sink depending on their density and the density of the layers of liquid. The screw has a higher density than any of the liquids in the vessel, so it will fall to the very bottom. The density of pasta is higher than the density of alcohol, vegetable oil and water, but lower than the density of honey, so it will float on the surface of the honey layer. The rubber ball has the lowest density, lower than that of any liquid, so it will float on the surface of the topmost, alcohol, layer.

Grape submarine

Another trick for lovers of sea adventures!


Take a glass of fresh sparkling water or lemonade and drop a grape into it. It is slightly heavier than water and will sink to the bottom. But gas bubbles, like small balloons, will immediately begin to land on it. Soon there will be so many of them that the grape will float up. But on the surface the bubbles will burst and the gas will fly away. The heavy grape will sink to the bottom again. Here it will again become covered with gas bubbles and float up again. This will continue several times until the water runs out. This principle is how a real boat floats up and rises. And fish have a swim bladder. When she needs to submerge, the muscles contract, squeezing the bubble. Its volume decreases, the fish goes down. But you need to get up - the muscles relax, the bubble dissolves. It increases and the fish floats up.

Lotus flowers

Another experiment from the “for girls” series.
Cut out flowers with long petals from colored paper. Using a pencil, curl the petals towards the center. Now lower the multi-colored lotuses into the water poured into the basin. Literally before your eyes, flower petals will begin to bloom. This happens because the paper gets wet, gradually becomes heavier and the petals open.

Where did the ink go?

You can add the following trick to your magic mother’s piggy bank.
Add ink or ink to a bottle of water until the solution is pale blue. Place a tablet of crushed activated carbon there. Close the neck with your finger and shake the mixture. It will brighten before our eyes. The fact is that coal absorbs dye molecules on its surface and it is no longer visible.

"Stop, hands up!"

And this experience is again for the boys - explosive and playful fidgets!
Take a small plastic jar for medicine, vitamins, etc. Pour some water into it, put any effervescent tablet and close it with a lid (non-screw).
Place it on the table, turning it upside down, and wait. The gas released during the chemical reaction of the tablet and water will push the bottle out, a “rumble” will be heard and the bottle will be thrown up.

Secret letter

Each of us has dreamed of becoming a detective or secret agent at least once in our lives. It's so exciting to solve riddles, look for traces and see the invisible.


Let the child make a drawing or inscription on a blank sheet of white paper using milk, lemon juice or table vinegar. Then heat a sheet of paper (preferably over a device without an open flame) and you will see how the invisible turns into visible. The improvised ink will boil, the letters will darken, and the secret letter can be read.

Running toothpicks

If there is nothing to do in the kitchen, and the only toys available are toothpicks, then we can easily put them to use!

To conduct the experiment you will need: a bowl of water, 8 wooden toothpicks, a pipette, a piece of refined sugar (not instant), dishwashing liquid.
1. Place toothpicks in rays in a bowl of water.
2. Carefully lower a piece of sugar into the center of the bowl; the toothpicks will begin to gather towards the center.
3. Remove the sugar with a teaspoon and drop a few drops of dishwashing liquid into the center of the bowl with a pipette - the toothpicks will “scatter”!
What's going on? The sugar absorbs the water, creating a movement that moves the toothpicks towards the center. The soap, spreading over the water, carries along the water particles, and they cause the toothpicks to scatter. Explain to the children that you showed them a magic trick, and all magic tricks are based on certain natural physical phenomena that they will study at school.

Vanishing coin

And this trick can be taught to any child over 5 years old, let him show it to his friends!
Props:

• 1 liter glass jar with lid
• tap water
• coin
• assistant

Preparation:

• Pour water into the jar and close the lid.
• Give your assistant a coin so that he can make sure that it is really an ordinary coin and there is no trick in it.
• Have him place the coin on the table. Ask him: “Do you see the coin?” (Of course he will answer yes.)
• Place a jar of water on the coin.
• Say magic words, for example: “Here is a magic coin, here it was, but here it is not.”
• Have your assistant look through the water on the side of the jar and say, can he see the coin now? What will he answer?

Tips for a learned wizard:
You can make this trick even more effective. After your assistant fails to see the coin, you can make it appear again. Say other magic words, for example: “As the coin fell through, so it appeared.” Now remove the jar and the coin will be back in place.
Result: When you place a jar of water on a coin, the coin appears to disappear. Your assistant won't see it.

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Scientific discoveries have given humanity many original ideas. On rainy days or when you're bored, some of these are a great way to have some fun. We offer you 10 cool experiments. They can be carried out at home even by children, but preferably under adult supervision. These experiments use basic ingredients that are always available in the kitchen. Simple but interesting tricks are based on the principles of chemistry, physics and biology. Well, let's get started!

What you will need: a raw egg, two bowls (or plates), an empty water bottle.

Progress of the experiment. Squeeze the bottle to release some of the air. Then bring its neck close to the egg on the plate, almost close. When you open the plastic container, you will see how the yolk is sucked inside the bottle - along with the air, it rushes to occupy the empty volume.

Why is this happening? After compression, some of the air was “squeezed out,” which means that the pressure outside became greater. Thus, the air literally “pushes” the yolk into the bottle.

Experiment: Create Non-Newtonian Matter

What will you need? Water, cornstarch, deep mixing bowl, food coloring. Put on old clothes to avoid getting dirty and cover the table with oilcloth.

Progress of the experiment. Pour a glass of water into a deep bowl, then add a glass of cornstarch into the same bowl and mix everything well. You can add food coloring if desired. Now slowly dip your hand into the mixture. As you can see, this is very easy to do. Do the same thing, but with force - as a result, the substance will “repel” your hand.

Why is this happening? Oobleck is a non-Newtonian substance. Sometimes (for example, when it is poured), it appears as a liquid. But! When you put pressure on the mixture, it behaves like a solid body, and upon impact it can even have a repulsive effect.

Soda and vinegar - instead of a pump!

What we need: regular vinegar, bottles with a narrow neck, balloons, baking soda.

Progress of the experiment. A mini-geyser is made using a similar principle, but we slightly modify the well-known experiment. Pour 50–100 grams of vinegar into bottles. Having made a roll of paper, we place one end of it in a balloon that needs to be inflated. Inside the other end of a kind of tube we pour 2-3 tablespoons of soda. Now you need to carefully place the balls on the necks of the bottles. Be careful not to let the baking soda spill out of these rubber containers prematurely. The preparations are completed, you can start the fun part. Pour the contents of the balls into the bottle and enjoy watching.

Why is this happening? The molecules of soda and vinegar instantly combine and a powerful reaction occurs. As a result, carbon dioxide (CO 2) is produced, which inflates the balloon so much that it can even explode.

Coloring flowers using the capillary method

What we will need: fresh white flowers (daisies and carnations are great, if you don't have flowers, you can even use celery), glass jar, food coloring, scissors. We also advise you to be patient, since you will see the full result of the experiment only after 24 hours. But after some time you can watch how an amazing transformation takes place.

Progress of the experiment. Pour water inside the jar and add dye of any color there. We dip flowers into this liquid and watch how the delicate white petals gradually turn a different color.

Why is this happening? Water evaporates from the flower's petals, so the stem absorbs the colored liquid from the jar. Gradually the colored liquid reaches its petals.

Determining the amount of sugar in soda

What will you need? Unopened cans of diet and sugary drinks, a large container of water (a bath will also work for this experiment).

Progress of the experiment. Immerse soda cans in water. Not all of them will sink to the bottom. Those that remain floating below the surface contain a lot of sugar. Fans of diets can safely drink “heavy” drinks.

What is the reason for this discrepancy? The density of regular and diet carbonated drinks is different, and its value is affected by the sugar content. As a result, some cans flounder in the water, while diet drinks safely go to the bottom.

Magic bag

What you will need: A bag with a special plastic zipper, a couple of sharpened pencils, a mug of water. We recommend doing the experiment over a sink or bathtub, as the temptation to pull out the pencils after the experiment will be great!

Progress of the experiment. Fill the bag with water and zip it up. Then we quickly pierce it through with several pencils, one at a time. As you can see, the holes did not even create a gap - the bag remained completely sealed.

Why is this happening? The tightly sealed bag is made from flexible polymers. When punctured, the plastic surface seals tightly around the pencil, so it does not leak.

Cleaning copper coins at home

What do we need? Tarnished coins, 1/4 cup white vinegar, one teaspoon salt, cup water, two bowls (non-metal), paper towels. We recommend wearing glasses to protect your eyes.

Progress of the experiment. Pour water, vinegar into a bowl and add salt. Place coins in the prepared solution. After some time, we evaluate the degree of their purification.

How it works? The acetic acid reacts with the salt to help clear the copper oxide from the copper pennies. Rinse the coins with water after the experiment, otherwise they will turn greenish. After clearing ten copper coins, do another interesting experiment. Place a metal coin in the old solution. You will see the steel color change to yellowish. This happened because the metal attracted copper oxide molecules.

Flying ghosts

What do we need? An inflated balloon, ghosts cut out of tissue paper, and something to generate static electricity (your clothes or hair will work for this purpose!).

Progress of the experiment. We glue the paper figures at one end to the table using tape. Then we rub the balloon hard on clothes or hair, and bring it closer to the lying silhouettes. Oh no! The ghosts have woken up and are trying to take off!

How it works? Rubbing a rubber ball against fabric or hair creates a negative charge on the surface, which attracts paper ghosts to itself.

Dancing Raisin Experience

What we need: raisins, a bottle of mineral water, a transparent drinking glass

Progress of the experiment. This experience is extremely simple. Pour mineral water into a glass. Add a handful of raisins there and watch them “dance” in the glass container.

Why is this happening? Tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide (CO2) cling to the uneven surface of the raisins. As a result, they become lighter and rise to the surface, where the bubbles burst. Then the raisins become heavy and fall back down, where they are again overtaken by CO 2 bubbles.

Colored milk painting

What do we need? Two plastic dishes, milk, food coloring, cotton swabs, liquid soap. Since we will be dealing with dyes, it is advisable to cover your clothes with an apron.

Progress of the experiment. Pour a little milk into the bowl - just enough to cover the bottom. Then we drop colored dye onto its surface. Having dipped a cotton swab in liquid soap, we touch the epicenter of the color inclusions on the milky surface. Now we begin to draw surreal stains.

Why is this happening? Food coloring is not as dense as milk, so the drops will stick to the surface at first. But adding soap to the tip of a cotton swab breaks the surface tension of the milk by dissolving the fat molecules. The paint molecules move smoothly along the milky surface, pushing off the soap layer.

Try these interesting experiments at home, with your children or in a friendly company. You yourself won’t notice how quickly the time flies while enjoying this useful entertainment, and the inquisitive minds of young know-it-alls will board new scientific peaks.